• A typical override time of 40 minutes would consist of: Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) developed the CANDU reactor technology starting in the 1950s. The origin of each radioactive poison is also indicated in the chart: xenon-135) is known as reactor poison, while the isotope that is long-lived or even stable is known as reactor slag. n�e�:�lZR��� As mentioned above, the hot heavy water coolant must transfer the heat to a steam generator, which can then boil the water and send steam to a turbine section. The neutron absorbing fission products xenon-135 and samarium-149 have particular operational importance. When station managers at Darlington and Pickering B also chose to put units there into total shutdown mode for safety reasons, the gadolinium "poison" process also kicked in. startxref To make the power coefficient negative, the erbium was evaluated to be the best burnable poison. These data, compiled from AECL-9881, refer to the radioactive contents of an irradiated fuel bundle from the Bruce A reactors. 0000000616 00000 n 0000003146 00000 n Chapter 5 Reactor Dynamics 1. CANada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) reactors use heavy water as a coolant instead of regular old light water. 8.0 Describe the response of a CANDU reactor at low power to a small ... - poison out, - poison prevent operation, - poison override capability, - poison override time, - decision and action time. �����ؚ�\��uE�?�"�m����ͪ^Ҽ����zS�6e]W�y8s�+�Nӂ>��y���o������K��N�����}]�Ȯ���Sq��4 IF anybody who knows about this reaction, or is an expert in the field, please give me a simplified explanation of the system, involving the uses of fuel rods, heavy water, normal,water, and control rods. During reactor operation, neutron irradiation of the poison causes it to "burn up" or progressively transmute to non-poison isotopes, depleting this poison effect and leaving progressively more neutrons available for sustaining … 31 16 These reactors are heavy water cooled and moderated pressurized water reactors. Chapter 3 Nuclear Processes and Neutron Physics - No errata to report. <<5A922196E619CC44B036CA2D2806B83C>]>> The following chart identifies 211 radioactive poisons which are present in every ten-year old irradiated CANDU fuel bundle. 3. 2. Shutdown rods. �98��.7^k��ӎ�����\���r�H#����r2M ��ߊ The CANDU reactor design (or PHWR – Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor) has been developed since the 1950s in Canada, and more recently also in India. Reactor shutdown system: Reactivity control devices. INTRODUCTION. The list is not complete. The development of the first CANDU reactor began in 1954 through a partnership between Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., Ontario Hydro and the Canadian General Electric Company. The reactor safety characteristics can be greatly improved by the use of the burnable poison in the CANDU reactor. e�K^.�A����.����e{/!�H�R:?�:�W?����߮�Ӷ�����Y(�d�X��F�裸U��C�6���g��>��[\p��H�9�>9����W��`��o]�-@e�����NR��`� 6y1R��j�F�$�N�vp�����V�|�l���T*m���aO�{��v����)v��!��5(���\��zȯ�;���xO�Y���3�$]�";�����Ҡ�K���Сv��d�vK�Zc�7�n`�LF'�����v��o��s*�k����b�� #sc�zaϋY�=�D�Lm(��[�u�lo/���U!��,��$�Y]m�j[�'N�a���E`7�MXX MXbx�4+Z�lr3,S��I�.�P x��Z�n�H}�h���9}��[��,�ę���Z�b�Ȥ�K.?Ք,����� I,��x�Tթ��L���vS�g�0ƩP�jk骠����r��lMY�g=�,cLh!���3���������:{����\�?T*9�}�?��3F�����ה�$���W�M(���ȸ�m@��|���G���r oo%AB����"��6�kѼ;�N�wW:�yw����W��!�>=���)6�Di5�&M`�s� 0000001392 00000 n The reactor physics of the CANDU * safety case are characterized by a high level of defence in depth based on a combination of inherent characteristics and engineered safety features. 31 0 obj <> endobj 19.0 Explain the following features of the reactivity change following a Thanks for reading. X�*`��/�n6�4G28!��M3E��M��ޕ�>p�\�� n��m? A CANDU reactor with H2O coolant would have a high positive coolant-void reactivity at the current CANDU lattice pitch of 28.575 cm. ♦ On-line refuelling is carried out on a daily or near- daily basis. Hello. The isotope with short half-life (e.g. 0000004709 00000 n 0000002632 00000 n Reactor regulating system 0000005754 00000 n Instead of using a single large reactor vessel as in a PWR or BWR, the … .S�fI����HLCa 0000000836 00000 n x�b```f``���������ǀ |L�@q����00\�%8, 2��z�4/��"��1�0p0�4T9\e������A���L�@B@S% ��20*l��,�@Z���(H��u �� reactor poison deposition on moderator system surfaces ♦ In addition, however, the CANDU design includes several types of reactivity devices for different kinds “What makes the CANDU nuclear reactor superior to other nuclear reactors?” They are much better for making weapons grade plutonium since you don’t need enriched uranium and you can easily replace fuel rods after a short neutron exposure. In such applications, absorbing neutrons is normally an undesirable effect. › No poison in HTS & moderator › Inherent passive sources of decay heat removal following reactor shutdown (original CANDU design) › Enhance unique safety features by incorporating new passive and active features › Utilize core and fuelling capability to introduce new RU and Th based fuels Advanced Fuel CANDU Reactor (AFCR) leverages two Some earlier CANDU/PHWR designs employ a moderator dump as the 2nd emergency shutdown system. H�L��n�0E�� H�|RKs�0��W�� 3�h%��K��Ñ�$. CANDU Reactors. These were invented and developed in Canada in the 1960’s, when Canada decided that they did not want to build enrichment plants … Nuclear Power-> Nuclear Power Plant-> Types of Reactors-> CANDU - Heavy water reactor. 0000001303 00000 n Xenon and boron poison. ��ۭ�̅@5|W�ַ-i��F���3F�cT���ā�'��{2�G4�t�����l�qyԁ�g�lrb� �̈́ ��4��8�����j�R�F)�1�"S�[K��S� i�c�K����ZS��Lu�KW/�`2���s+���0�1]��|���I��_}�����/�5}������x��_WG)��KŔѣD��ϕ$�ï����F��5~���hk�뮊\����"�4�B�G�=���������3�S��nO�>�z'��r˔���r�Τ��1����̸���|8�)~��q�1�����-�y؉���A)B� t,�վv��q? 0 1. 0000000915 00000 n endstream endobj 32 0 obj <> endobj 33 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]>>/Type/Page>> endobj 34 0 obj <> endobj 35 0 obj <> endobj 36 0 obj <> endobj 37 0 obj <>stream Summary: Small edits as follows: This chapter addresses the time-dependent behaviour of nuclear reactors. 0000000016 00000 n Reactor regulating system. • The interval from reactor shutdown until the xenon level rises to match the extra control reactivity available is called the override time. %%EOF All reactivity control devices. ii. I am having a hard time understanding the process within these CANDU reactors. In CANDU reactor one of the two reactor shutdown systems is the liquid poison injection system which injects the highly pressurized liquid neutron poison into the moderator tank via small holes on the nozzle pipes. However, dryout occurs at a level of flow and steam quality such that any further increase of temperature with power is "slow," rather than "fast," as described by Groeneveld and Borodin (1979). Dry storage costs for spent fuel from a CANDU reactor design have been compared to those for a typical pressurized light water reactor both normalized to a gross power of 1000 MW(e) [3]. 46 0 obj <>stream The CANDU Reactivity Devices ♦ In CANDU reactors, the primary long-term method of reactivity control is on-line refuelling: ♦ low-reactivity irradiated fuel is replaced by high- reactivity fresh fuel. 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